Obesity Sickness and Problem

Articles marked with tag ‘stomach‘

We are now very little custom tries, condition what they have not already done it for the week-end in sea or in swimming pool, in any case, if withoneboat is wanted to present you on the beach and without fear of the competition of leak of the fat belly, here there are some points of flat stomach, or to at least some of the abdomen of deflation. the first point is, obviously, a feeding, selected the release of alimentary fibres and putante, of the morning with one WholeGrains breakfast; other meals of the day, there try to be cleared of the refusals toxins to eat raw vegetables, cooked, but he prefers the piece in working and then of rice, Emmer wheat and barley. The second fundamental rule is a lot of water Elevage_familial, less than 1 litre in the day and meals preferably of outside; and then on grounds with free drinks grasses drainage, particularly the liquorice, sculpin, Angelica, tests and fennel. one barca e senza paura della gara di fuoriuscita del ventre grasso, qui sono alcune punte di pancia piatta, o a almeno alcuni dell’addome di deflazione. il primo punto è, ovviamente, nutrizione, selezionate il rilascio di fibre alimentari e putante, dalla mattina with one colazione di WholeGrains; altri pasti della giornata, cercare di sbarazzarsi dei rifiuti tossine da mangiare verdura cruda, cotti, ma preferisce il pezzo in lavorazione e quindi di riso, Emmer frumento e orzo.  La seconda regola fondamentale è molto Elevage_familial di acqua, meno di 1 litro al giorno e pasti preferibilmente di fuori; e poi su terreni con gratuito bevande erbe drenaggio, in particolare la liquirizia, dragoncello, Angelica, saggi e finocchio.
Intestinal regularity is also very important to deflate the belly, I know if you have natural mild constipation had adopted to methods, but always very effective, now drink to glass of water closet on year empty stomach now contracted to tablespoon of olives oil raw and always in the morning and on year empty stomach, gold still, Hardy yoghurt at breakfast, with, moreover, high fiber grains.physical activity is obviously very important, if not you want to go to the gym, to try to I give delays goal: avoid movement can take the lift attendant and use the stairs; work go on foot gold bicycle, transfer to the City on Saturday, and Sunday. Finally, avoid drowning plague, fried, butter, food, beer and calories high opened accompanied by nibbles. Itself does not to sudden hunger attack indulge in also snack, but strictly vegetables such as carrots already washed and ready to be you Munch, relaxation aussi desired help you get was I know will beautiful. work go on foot gold bicycle, transfer to the city on Saturday, and Sunday.Finally, avoid drowning plague, fried, butter, food, beer and calorie high apertivi accompanied by nibbles.Si does not a sudden hunger attack indulge in pure snack, but strictly vegetables such as carrots already washed and ready to be you Munch, relax aussi appetite will help you get was so beautiful.

HTML

Tags: foodstuffs, Angelica, CAL, that, With, of, of, empty stomach, week-end, fried butter, ginon, him, wardrobe:, I have, mild constipation, very much, not, obesit, fear Prays, meals, For, pi, plate, Proof, they are, I am, stomach, suggestions, tablespoon, between, three, one, There, year, yoghurt, Ho, mild constipation, molto, non, obesit, Ora, pasti, paura, Per, pi, piatto, Prova, sono, sto, stomaco, suggerimenti, tablespoon, tra, Tre, una, Vi, year, yogurt

Post correlated

• Alimentation been the welcome one and the rules of the Ministry (0)
• Legumes, d ‘immovable of width perfect (0)
• Educational Styles in influenzano if itself alimentary habits of the children (0)
• Food, preserving dangerous Masterbatches (0)
• AUGUST of vacation, not on the diets the last minute (0)

To at the end after all we have been able in it: they have operated on me and now I have a gastric bypass. Before a gastrointestinal bypass. Now my stomach actually has the dimensions of a small cup with coffee and the first part of mine address and ’raised from the digestive task, the food with the stomach jumps over it in order that the majority goes directly to the intestino’ ahead. Anzi un bypass gastrointestinale. Ora il mio stomaco di fatto ha le dimensioni di una tazzina da caffe’ e la prima parte del mio intestino e’sollevata dall’incarico digestivo, il cibo dallo stomaco la salta per andare direttamente nell’intestino piu’ avanti.

The awakening with the anaesthesia has been in intensive therapy because of my problems of night apnoea and then I had not my my dear friends neighbour but a series of doctors and of hospital attendants preparatissimi to assist me. Less poetic but more useful

Tags: bypass, bypass gastric, later, gastric, him, address, doctors, mine, in, in, no, it operates, Prays, For, pi, first part, I am, stomach, one, You

Post correlated

• Surgery techniques bariartica (0)
• Medicines Ansiolitici (0)
• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• The gastric Bypass (0)
• Bariartica surgery and diabetes (0)

The gastroplastica belongs to the group of the restrictive interventions and can be done that it is in classic way, and then with an incision in the abdomen,
(laparotomica) that with the technique laparoscopica. This intervention consists in creating a pocket between the first part of stomach and the remained one in way with la tecnica laparoscopica. Questo intervento consiste nel creare una tasca tra la prima porzione di stomaco e la rimanente in modo
to create a little obstacle to his emptying. It is induced in this way a precocious sense of satiety.
As for him other surgery interventions bariartica, the gastroplastica is shown the patients with superior BMI the 35 who suffer then from pathologies as him altri interventi di chirurgia bariartica, la gastroplastica è indicata ai pazienti con BMI superiore ai 35 che soffrono poi di patologie come
the diabetes, the hypertension, articolari problems and hypertension. The advantages of this type of intervention are in his simplicity and in the absence of alteration
mechanisms of the digestion. Another very important vanatggio is in the efficaciousness of this intervention: in fact there is a middle reduction of 50-60 % of’ infatti si ha una riduzione media del 50-60% dell’
weight excess. The collateral effects tied to the gastroplastica are principally two: the vomit and the reflux gastro-esofageo. il vomito ed il reflusso gastro-esofageo.
The first collateral effect is due to a too abundant or too fast alimentation. Little pezzidi food are advised the patient to eat in fact
at a time and to chew well and slowly before swallowing. If the vomit episodes are frequent by food errors it is a possibility of beginning of
reflux gastro-esofageo, that can arrive up to at the true and own sickness from reflux.

Tags: Alimentation, bmi, what, surgery, With, of, diabetes, digestion, gastroplastica, him, in fact, intervention, hypertension, sickness, in, in, For, pi, this, are, I am, stomach, pocket, technical laparoscopica, type, between, one, You

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• Surgery techniques bariartica (0)
• The surgery of the obesity (0)
• Bariartica surgery and diabetes (0)

The gastric bandage is one of the posibili surgery interventions bariartica of the obesity and by means of this intervention one is able
to have a reduction of 40-60 % of the weight. The intervention generally is carried out in technique laparoscopica and that more used
It is the adjustable Gastric Bandage. The stomach after the intervention assumes the shape of an hourglass, the ring can be regulated
the doctor, in such way to modify the satiety sensation in the patient.
This intervention offers therefore the next advantages:

- It has a least invasività in all that made in technique laparoscopica and then little incisions and tools are made
very delicate
- No irreversible damage: in fact if for an anyone I justify the ring it must be removed, the stomach returns like beforehand be
point of view anatomic that functional
- Execution swiftness: in fact the intervention lasts one now about and the post-operative period in bed is of 2 – 3 days at most.
- Certainty of the intervention: it is considered in fact that the mortality is inferior to 0,5 %.

After the intervention the patient will have to follow a based diet of solid or semisolid foods. The liquid or semiliquid diets are advised
in how much would they lead to the bankruptcy of the therapy.

Tags: ring, bandage, that, surgery, hourglass, With, of, Diet, later, I Was, gastric, him, in fact, intervention, in, in, obesit, Obesity, work, operating, Prays, For, pi, quell, this, solids, they are, I am, stomach, technical laparoscopica, one, You

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• Surgery techniques bariartica (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• The Diets in the Cycling (0)
• The perfect diet for the abdominal (0)

The type diabetes 2, I dictate also diabetes mellito, it is considered the most frequent shape of diabetes. He presents to himself sopratutto in subjects of ripe age and is characterised by a production of insulin that, even though it is normal, is not much active on the cells. It is tied the beginning of the diabetes to different causes between which it are the heredity, the sedentary life, the stress and, obviously, the obesity. The surgery bariartica is able to contrast in effective way against the obesity and the pathologies with her correlated, which the type diabetes 2. In fact some recent studies have demonstrated how this type of surgery it has proved to be effective in the disappearance of the symptoms of the diabetes in 70 % of the cases it is now a new type of intervention said vertical gastrectomy with which a moderate weight decrease is obtained and, in 75 % of the cases, the disappearance of the diabetes. The vertical gasterctomia consists in dividing the stomach into two parts in vertical sense. The part of remaining stomach will have the same functions of before the intervention. This intervention produces in the patient dealt with a precocious satiety. Besides, really for the reduction of the absorption of fats and calories that this intervention involves, there has been noticed consequently decrease of the corporeal weight and besides the recovery of the type diabetes 2. The same type of benefit can be reached, according to the specialists, also with another type of intervention: the gastric bypass. L’insorgenza del diabete è legato a diverse cause tra le quali ci sono l’ereditarietà, la vita sedentaria, lo stress e, ovviamente,l’obesità. La chirurgia bariartica è in grado di contrapporsi in maniera efficace contro l’obesita e le patologie ad essa correlate, quali il diabete di tipo 2. Infatti alcuni recenti studi hanno dimostrato come questo tipo di chirurgia si è dimostrata efficace nella scomparsa dei sintomi del diabete nel 70% dei casi Vi è ora un nuovo tipo di intervento detto gastrectomia verticale con il quale si ottiene un discreto calo di peso e,nel 75% dei casi, la scomparsa del diabete. La gasterctomia verticale consiste nel dividere lo stomaco in due parti in senso verticale. La parte di stomaco rimanente avrà le medesime funzioni di prima dell’intervento. Questo intervento produce nel paziente trattato una precoce sazietà.Inoltre, proprio per la riduzione dell’assorbimento di grassi e calorie that this intervento comporta, si è notato un conseguente diminuzione del peso corporeo e inoltre la guarigione dal diabete di tipo 2. Lo stesso tipo di beneficio può essere raggiunto, secondo gli specialisti, anche con un altro tipo di intervento: il bypass gastrico.

Tags: also, bypass, bypass gastric, decrease of weight, which, surgery, With, body, of, diabetes, two parts, gastric, him, in fact, insulin, intervention, mine, in, in, not, obesit, Obesity, Prays, For, pi, this, they are, I am, stomach, type, between, one, You, life

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• Surgery techniques bariartica (0)
• Obesity and psychologic factors: not alone Anorexia and Bulimia. (0)
(0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• The Diets in the Cycling (0)

The obese big ones, or those with superior IMC to 35,
there suffer often also from other troubles which
the diabetes, the hypertension,
the cardiopulmonary insufficiency and the arthritis. The surgery interventions

bariatrica they allow the durable loss of weight that exceeds 50 kg and besides
they have the big advantage
of 2 improves the type diabetes.
The surgery
bariartica the mortality is a sure technique in all that, to 3 months
the intervention, it is inferior to 1 %
if the intervention has been carried out in
excellence centres.
The principal techniques of this surgery are 2:
adjustable gastric bandage and the gastric bypass.
The gastric bandage
adjustable it can be compared to an elastic big one positioned in
high part of
stomach and it does so that the food is stopped above the elastic one
and and there remain until it is not digested.
The operated bandage patient
gastric adjustable, it gets thin because he practices a diet ipocalorica, but,
differently
classic diet not “suffers the hunger” because it feels itself replete
with least quantities of food
While the gastric bypass consists in the creation
of a little communicating pocket with him address through an opening
of
about cm. It is a more invasive intervention compared to the gastric bandage, but it is also a between him interventions more spread in the world particularly in him interventi più diffusi nel mondo in particolar modo negli
United States.

Tags: also, bandage, bypass, bypass gastric, that, surgery, With, of, diabetes, Diet, Diet ipocalorica, I Was, gastric, him, imc, intervention, address, hypertension, in, in, no, it operates, Prays, For, weight loss, pi, quell, sure, they are, I am, stomach, pocket, type, between, one, united, There

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• Bariartica surgery and diabetes (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• The perfect diet for the abdominal (0)
• The gastric Bypass (0)

In italia the obese persons increase more and more.

To our days if necontano circa20 millions. Only there has been an increase in the last ten years del25 % and the struck fasciapiù is that one between the 43 – 63 years of age.

It dates allarmantisono also quellisui children: in fact one on five is suffering from obesity osovrappeso also heavy.

But which are the causes of the increase of the obesity? It are principally two: the sedentarietà and the incorrect alimentation, nonequilibratacon I abuse foods rich in fats. la sedentarietà e l’alimentazione scorretta, nonequilibratacon abuso di cibi ricchi di grassi.

In order that this fenomenoè fights a lot of importanteseguire a correct alimentary education that favoriscal' physical activity up to children.

Only when this sagacity nonapportano satisfactory results, is it possible to think to unintervento dichiururgia bariartica, that no must never be a visa as a short cut alproblema. no deve essere mai visto come una scorciatoia alproblema.

This type of surgery, said also “reduction of the stomach” is untrattamento chirurgicoche it is used for fighting the soft obesity.

It consists in hampering to the body of assimilareuna part of the calories ingeritetramite a reduction of his ability. It is indicated in the cases of obesity conIMC superior to 40 or with IMC between 30 and 40.

There can be submitted to surgical intervention all the patients of age included between the 16 and 65 years.

Tags: Alimentation, also, years, I increase, capacite, what, surgery, struck, With, body, of, ten years, him, imc, indicated, in fact, intervention, in, in, not, obesit, Obesity, Today, For, pi, quell, this, alone, is, am, stomach, type, between, all, one, You

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• The Diets in the Cycling (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• Obesity and psychologic factors: not alone Anorexia and Bulimia. (0)
(0)
• The perfect diet for the abdominal (0)

OBESITY

In the American society the obesity has a very elevated incidence and a prevalence. In the past the obesity was a wealth index, that is who had a more elevated social condition it had the possibility of property many feedings at disposal and, taking advantage of this, was increasing of weight when the own social condition made noticing other garlic. Now it seems that the obesity is more typical lower social levels and so many conditions of anxiety, of neurosis and so many problems they are showered on the food therefore there is an increase of weight that exceeds the ideal weight before arriving at huge values. Adesso sembra che l’obesità sia più tipica dei livelli sociali più bassi e tante condizioni di ansia, di nevrosi e tanti problemi vengono riversate sul cibo per cui c’è un aumento di peso che supera il peso ideale fino ad arrivare a valori enormi.

= I weigh obesity> of 40 % of the ideal weight

Why here is so much of the obesity interested?
Why when the weight was increasing, does the possibility increase of showing the whole series of pathologies that can act on the subject reducing the life duration it, causing important pathologies that can bound or worsen the existence of a person.
The obesity by now is very much spread also by us, in fact many obese children see each other, it is heavier when the obesity leaves from the childhood because it is very difficult to decide, the cause of this they can be:

• I abuse the television (publicity)
• Improper use of the foods

Therefore the child is pressed to consume determinate feedings and in certain quantities that bring it to one increase of the adipose mass with an increase of the adipose cells, there is established so an obesity that tends to stable becoming on the time and is more difficult to overcome of the obesity that rises in more advanced age.

index of corporeal mass (BMI or IMC)
2 is given by the report = weight expressed in Kg / height expressed in metres
result:

• between 20-25 à normopeso
• between 25-30 à overweight
• further 30 à free obesity

From the graph it is possible to notice how the BMI increases the majority, more the mortality risk increases.
In hospital it is more easy than the patients with important pathologies be obese that no thin (cardiovascular sicknesses, calculosis, hypertension, and so on). no magri (malattie cardiovascolari, calcolosi, ipertensione, ecc.).
To value an overweight or the obesity there are several methods: a time one was resorting to strange formulas (Lorenz's Formula, Formula of Brocard) into which several numbers were inserted to establish the ideal weight for that age, height, sex. Now no they are più reliable. (Formula di Lorenz, Formula di Brocard) in cui venivano inseriti vari numeri per stabilire il peso ideale for quell’età, altezza, sesso. Now no they are più attendibili.
Then there are tables to establish if a subject is obese with already established ideal weights for age, height and sex. The ideal weight is an important concept: there are tables of the American assurances, tables based on the standard deviations; nevertheless the simplest method is based on the BMI that gives the idea of overweight, of free obesity or of normality. ci sono tabelle delle assicurazioni americane, tabelle basate sulle deviazioni standard; però il metodo più semplice si basa sul BMI che dà l’idea di sovrappeso, di obesità franca o di normalità.
 Methods are, at last, more soffisticati to value the ideal weight: this is reported to the thin mass and, when a diet is given to a pz, is necessary to know the needs about his thin mass, his muscles, of his condition of normality and for this it is systems that let value the quantity of thin and fat mass separately. this ci sono sistemi che permettono di valutare il quantitativo di massa magra e grassa separatamente.
The obesity is usually due to a discrepancy between caloric receipts and this that is consumed and, it is required to to get thin, it is necessary to reduce the caloric receipts without damaging the thin mass.
Here there are different methods for this: (Table 8 pag. 2) this: (Tabella 8 pag. 2)

• hydrostatic balance
• pletismografia (it is based on the specific weight)
• it arranges with plicometria: the pliche are measured and multiplying them for a fixed factor it is gone up again to the fat mass and it is taken out by the total weight.
• Dilution isotopica
• TAC abdomen, is a simple method: it is established as adipose tissue there is in several sections, as it is arranged and one is the adipose tex and with the report between clear and dark it is possible to value if the obesity is viscerale or at the level of the cosce (obesity ginoide). Doing a report between subcutaneous adipose tissue and that intraabdominal there are obtained parametres that show us the type of obesity of the pz, as well as being able to establish the share of fat mass.
Facendo un rapporto tra tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo e quello intraaddominale si ottengono parametri che ci indicano il tipo di obesità del pz, oltre a poter stabilire la quota di massa grassa.
• Absorption fotonico
• Nuclear activation
• RMN
• Conductance very used (method): an electric current crosses our body and the thin mass (ripedensometria) is valued, besides he tells us the ideal weight why connected with a computerised system. Is then a simpler system based on the management of a long electric stimulus the thin mass, while there is no conductance in the fat mass, therefore is valued how much muscular mass there is and of all that must lower the weight of the piece. Knowing the type of obesity it is possible to decide on the treatment.
C’è poi un sistema più semplice basato sulla conduzione di uno stimolo elettrico lungo la massa magra, mentre nella massa grassa non c’è conduttanza, per cui si valuta quanta massa muscolare c’è e di quanto deve calare il peso del pz. Sapendo il tipo di obesità si può decidere il trattamento.

Obesity in the child (IPERPLASTICA): owed to an increase of the number of adipociti therefore, seen that him adipociti they always remain of the same n° for the whole life, it is easy to establish an obesity no più identifiable, the obesity is less reversible. him adipociti rimangono sempre dello stesso n° per tutta la vita, è facile instaurare un’obesità no più identificabile, l’obesità è meno reversibile.
The adipociti are full of trigliceridi (TG) and they can or increase of n° or increase of dimensions in presence of elevated levels of TG; the factors that stimulate the adipociti can be:

• functional
• hormonal
• growth factor
• genetic

Adipoblasto and preadipocita à maturation factors à adipocita

Obesity in the grown-up (IPERTROFICA): the adipociti swell à there increase the deposits that will be then managed by hormones:
_ male à obesity viscerale and abdominal (obesity android)
_ female à obesity at the level of the cosce (obesity ginoide)

CAUSES OF THE OBESITY

• Genetic conditions: (Down syndrome, and so on) intervention to correct the obesity is reduced and does not manage to correct it itself too much.
• Acquired obesity: it is more frequent and the causes of this secondary obesity are numerous (Table 18 pag. 5)

1) Wrong alimentary habits:

• Hedonism: the heavy eater, the gourmet loves to eat and often it does not intend to get thin up to that no him an infarct comes and perhaps it changes idea.
no him viene un infarto e forse cambia idea.
• Anxiety neurosis: in West they are due to stress or existential problems that are compensated by the food. Typical Americans (for publicity and so on) who eat foods rich in fats and, even if in the films they hide the problem representing a society of thin ones, the problem of the obesity is extended and heavily. They are dressed by four times the material to us for normal persons! There are remarkable problems in these cases in the surgical interventions and in the recovery.
Tipico degli Americani (per pubblicità ecc.) che mangiano cibi ricchi di grassi ed, anche se nei film nascondono il problema rappresentando una società di magri, il problema dell’obesità è esteso e grave. Ci sono vestiti con quattro volte la stoffa per persone normali! In questi casi ci sono notevoli problemi negli interventi chirurgici e nella guarigione.
• Social pressure: for example. the ill-treatment from the work giver induces the subject to be given vent in the food.

2) Sedentarietà: because the movement is not loved and, moreover, it is eaten, typical of the sporting ones that when they stop the activity, if they do not reduce the food, become obese and hannon remarkable risks for cardiac problems: big heart for the sport, gets tired for the obesity also for disproportion between alimentary bed and dimensions of the heart; then it is well to avoid an alimentary excess. The Table 19 pag. 5 shows the calories excess in the children with 9 to 12 years on the time. cuore grande per lo sport, si affatica per l’obesità anche per sproporzioni tra letto alimentare e dimensioni del cuore; quindi è bene evitare una eccesso alimentare. La Tabella 19 pag. 5 mostra l’eccesso di calorie nei bambini da 9 a 12 anni nel tempo.
3) Intervening sicknesses:

• Lesions of the SNC: alterations of the centre of the hunger - satiety à continuous food acceptance à obesity.
• Insulinomi: the pz will say to have of the crises in which it loses almost conscience, but it is retaken eating some things, in a few months it increases of weight (to dose glycemia and insulin); it is not possible to intervene reducing the food altrimanti it is ipoglicemia and coma.
non si può intervenire riducendo il cibo altrimanti si ha ipoglicemia e coma.
• Polycystic Ovaio: the fat accumulation increases for hormonal interference.
• Ipotiroidismo: increase of fat because it is burnt less (protein lipase).

4) Medicines oressigeni:

• Ansiolitici and antidepressants
• Antihistamines

Both stimulate the centre of the hunger or depress the centre of the satiety.

(Table 20 pag. 6)
Inquiry on the calories assumed by normal and obese subjects (there are not much divergent values). There can be gross differences between the maximum and the minimum because withonecondition is shared which enter more calories to have obesity, but then it is not said that an obese one should keep on eating more than one not obese one. On the contrary, sometimes they eat a little, but they do not get thin because the excess of caloric receipts makes taking the obesity and maintains it for long time, nevertheless with the passing of time this excess is not more necessary to maintain the obesity and of this it is necessary to take into account in care, that is to solve the obesity, is necessary to reduce later on the caloric receipts. The cause of this is a regulation mechanism: the obese ones spend less energy to generate heat (thermogenesis), in fact an obese one has fewer problems of exchange of heat with the outside because it is isolated from the fat. The brown fat that presides over the thermoregulation seems changed in obese à altered thermogenesis. one condizione in cui si introducono più calorie per avere obesità, ma poi non è detto che un obeso continui a mangiare più di un non obeso. Anzi, a volte mangiano poco, ma non dimagriscono perché l’eccesso di introito calorico fa scattare l’obesità e la mantiene per lungo tempo, però con l’andare del tempo non è più necessario quest’eccesso per mantenere l’obesità e di ciò bisogna tenere conto in cura, cioè per risolvere l’obesità bisogna ridurre ulteriormente l’introito calorico. La causa di ciò è un meccanismo di regolazione: gli obesi spendono meno energia per produrre calore (termogenesi), infatti un obeso ha meno problemi di scambio di calore con l’esterno perché è isolato dall’adipe. Il grasso bruno che presiede alla termoregolazione sembra alterato in un obeso à alterata termogenesi.

Not always, then, the obese one eats more of others, on the contrary often he eats less.

Regulation of the centre of the hunger:

• Catecolamine: injected in animal they inhibit the calories intake
• Dopamina: permissive function à stimulates the appetite
• Serotonina: it makes reducing the caloric receipts
• Acetilcolina: the food receipts increase
• Opiate Peptidi: bendorfine à they reduce the anorexia

Much was used as medicines, now the amfetamine cannot be used any more as anoressizzanti because they give habit; substances that stimulate the serotonina have been taken out by the commerce because they were giving problems to valvular level and increase of the pressure.
Many medicines that influence the called ones neurotrasmettitori, acting on the centre of the appetite or of the satiety, might help in the obesity, but for the problems that they give they cannot be used, therefore they are used otherwise. In past, today less, hormones were used tiroidei against the obesity because they increase the basic metabolism reducing the weight.

As well as central regulators, there are peripheral, nervous, chemical, hormonal regulators:

• Increase of the gastric volume: pz accustomed to eating very much he needs to feel the full stomach, therefore if the food is reduced the pz will feel the need of filling the stomach à there will be activated the sensoriums that indicate the satiety only with the refilling of the stomach. In the gastroplastica in which the stomach is reduced to a little bag, little food will be enough to fill it and also the sensoriums will be less for the smallest surface.
Nella gastroplastica in cui lo stomaco è ridotto ad una piccola sacca, basterà poco cibo per riempirlo ed anche i sensori saranno di meno per la minore superficie.
• Chemical stimuli: foods zuccherati before a meal reduce a little the hunger, instead without-ipoglicemia or low glycemia - stimulates the hunger to itself. Pz gastroresecati for tumours or peptic ulcers has a glycemia reduced for a reduced transit intestinale à stimulus of the hunger.
Pz gastroresecati per tumori o ulcere peptiche hanno una glicemia ridotta per un ridotto transito intestinale à stimolo della fame.
• Hormonal signals:
• Insulinoma: it induces food introduction
• Estrogen: they inhibit food introduction
• Colecistochinine: they inhibit food introduction
• Bombesina (produced by the intestino): opponent of the acceptance of food
• Prostaglandine and forerunners

On these regulators he examines himself very much to find medicines against the obesity at peripheral level, since many people of the medicines who behave at central level have been abolished (very much examine the bombesina and the prostaglandine).
Another factor that causes the obesity is the scarce energy waste.
The necessary calories to one life normal serve for 1) the basal metabolism 2) the thermogenesis 3) the physical activity. If these three parametres are respected there is a consumption itself 2500 cal/die that is a middle alimentary ration and the obesity risk is reduced. If the calories increase and it reduces the physical activity there is discordance between this that enters and this that is spent; this is necessary to take into account for the diet. life normale servono per 1) il metabolismo basale 2) la termogenesi 3) l’attività fisica. Se si rispettano questi tre parametri si ha un consumo si 2500 cal/die che è una razione alimentare media ed il rischio di obesità si riduce. Se aumentano le calorie e diminuisce l’attività fisica si ha discordanza tra ciò che si introduce e ciò che si spende; questo è da tenere conto per la dieta.
Basal metabolism: it depends on the thin mass (muscles), on the age, on the sex, on hormones tiroidei, catecolamine and tournover proteinaceous.
Thermogenesis: it depends on the meal, on the exhibition to the cold, on psychic influences and thermogenic substances.
Physical activity: it depends on duration and intensity of the physical exercise and varied from person's to person's.
For no to have obesity, then, as well as a correct food introduction, here goes a just balance of energy waste. no avere obesità, quindi, oltre ad una corretta introduzione di cibo, ci va un giusto bilanciamento di dispendio energetico.

With the obesity different problems rise up:
Troubles of mechanical type:

• Artropatie: subject no più young has degenerative sicknesses to the articulations (arthrosis, gonartrosi arthrosis of the column, periartriti, cervical arthrosis) for an increased cargo given by the obesity; often the legs are deformed and if one is after the menopause here it can be osteoporosi and the obesity worsens even more the situation.
più giovane ha malattie degenerative alle articolazioni (artrosi, gonartrosi artrosi della colonna, periartriti, artrosi cervicale) per un aumentato carico dato dall’obesità; spesso le gambe sono deformate e se si è dopo la menopausa ci può essere osteoporosi e l’obesità aggrava ancora di più la situazione.
• Alveolate Ipoventilazione: share of fat that makes doing more work to the muscles of the toracica case and abdomen rich in fat that presses on the diaphragm and compresses the pulmonary parenchime reducing the excursion of the respiration. The abdominal expiration disappears almost, the respiration remains only toracica, nevertheless it is harder because it is hindered by the fat.
Scompare quasi l’espirazione addominale, rimane solo la respirazione toracica, però è più faticosa perché è contrastata dall’adipe.

There is smaller oxygenation and the pz will become ipossico up to the respiratory acidosis with drowsiness phases and almost coma (from which it can be woken up). Besides there is an increase of the cardiac work.
Coercive respiratory insufficiency: Piquik syndrome, pz heavily obese, BMI>> 40 that fall asleep everywhere, therefore this altered metabolism is corrected because the pz can die. Heavy condition. Condizione grave.

• Obstructive apnoeas in the sleep. Ipossia. Pz being obese tends to sleep to stomach in on and then the night apnoeas are favoured and it is possible to flow in an insufficiency coronarica à cardiac damages (angina pectoris, infarct). The heart, besides, in obese must increase the work and, moreover, the pressure increases. These are all factors that favour the coronaropatia.
Pz essendo obeso tende a dormire a pancia in su e quindi le apnee notturne sono favorite e si può sfociare in un’insufficienza coronarica à danni cardiaci (angina pectoris, infarto). Il cuore, inoltre, in obeso deve aumentare il lavoro ed in più aumenta la pressione. Questi sono tutti fattori che favoriscono la coronaropatia.

Consequent metabolic alterations to the ponderal excess:

• Reduced tolerance to the carbohydrates and diabetes: it arrives often.
• Dislipidemia: alteration of the hematic lipides  à ipercolesterolemia

à ipertrigliceridemia
à dislipidemia mixed
certain times the lipides are completely normal.
The dislipidemie determine a damage vascolare with predisposition for the arterosclerosi: they give to the coronarie and to the peripheral pots (claudicatio).

• Iperuricemia: gout for the big foods tournover, I increase proteins production. Also predisposition for renal damages ac. urico.
Anche predisposizione a danni renali da ac. urico.

Pathology associated with the obesity:

• Arterial hypertension: for an increased cardiac range, besides the obese one is iperinsulinemico and this makes increasing the arterial hypertension à the cardiac effort increases à risk of lack of balance and of cardiopathy coronaria, of insufficiency and of valvular problems.
• Calculosis of the gall bladder: there increases the tournover of the fat acids and the cholesterol elimination à increases the calculations formation.
• Carcinoma of the endometrium: for hormonal alteration.

Obese someone they are più to risk of others and this depends on the type of obesity. più a rischio di altri e ciò dipende dal tipo di obesità.

• Obesity android or plant: more to pathologies risk. Fatter periviscerale. Greater risk of cardiovascular pathologies because this adipose tissue in the intestino exchanges continuously fat with the liver and the vein carries, therefore it increases the trigliceridi production, VLDL à valence aterogena à cardiovascular sicknesses. Hypertension, ridutta tolerance glicidica => syndrome plurimetabolica.
Più grasso periviscerale. Maggior rischio di patologie cardiovascolari perché questo tessuto adiposo nell’intestino scambia continuamente grassi con il fegato e la vena porta, per cui aumenta la produzione di trigliceridi, VLDL à valenza aterogena à malattie cardiovascolari. Ipertensione, ridutta tolleranza glicidica => sindrome plurimetabolica.
• Obesity ginoide: picture lipidico is normal also with BMI = 40

The central obesity is fought more than that ginoide that is a more benign obesity.
Increase production of insulin gives hypertension: 2 has been seen in type diabetics, often overweight, and also in obese not diabetics; it the motive does not know itself. non se ne conosce il motivo.
The insulin is a stimulator of the hunger, that is if it is too much in report to the foods, it will be of the uncovered insulin that it stimulates the centre of the hunger. Also in diabetic which too much insulin is given, type diabetic 2 have not much active insulin with very active secretion: glycemia on an empty stomach elevated, as if after meal there were strong poussez of insulin, (iperinsulinismo typical of type diabetes 2 and of obese ones). Tests with cargo of glucose in the obese ones denounce high insulinemia levels and with purpose tests can be values lower of glycemia because they have more insulin that reaches woodpeckers. glicemia a digiuno elevata, come se dopo pasto si avessero forti poussez di insulina, (iperinsulinismo tipico di diabete di tipo 2 e di obesi). Test da carico di glucosio negli obesi denunciano alti livelli di insulinemia e a fine test si possono avere valori più bassi di glicemia perché hanno più insulina che raggiunge dei picchi.

Tags: also, years, anxiety, appetite, increase, bmi, that, With, body, of, diabetes, Diet, later, I Was, to do, gastric, gastroplastica, him, imc, in fact, insulin, intervention, address, hypertension, bed, mine, in, in, not, obesit, Obesity, Today, Now, by now, meal, For, pi, quell, this, sara, safety catch, only, they are, I am, stomach, type, totally, between, all, all, one, It is worth, There, life

Post correlated

• The Diets in the Cycling (0)
• The perfect diet for the abdominal (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• PSYCHOANALYSIS OF THE DEPRESSION (0)
• Obesity and psychologic factors: not alone Anorexia and Bulimia. (0)
(0)

The gastritis is determined by an inflammation the majority or less spread than the stomach, owed to several causes which: incorrect alimentary habits: the acceptance of spicy foods, fruits of sea, caffé or alcoholic they can irritate the stomach and then they are bounded or eliminated by the diet; wrong medicines acceptance: the aspirin or other analgesics tend to attach the gastric mucous membrane and then they are always taken from full stomach; anxious states: the strong emotions and the anxiety can press the stomach to produce more acid of necessary, when it the mucous membrane was irritating so. The light shapes of gastritis tend to be solved spontaneously, while that heavy majority takes care of herself with antacid medicines and antisecretivi. If the gastritis is ignored, this one can evolve in ulcer, that is a wound in the gastric mucous membrane. The gastroduodenal ulcer is found frequently and consists in a true and own erosion of the walls of the stomach and of the duodenum. Dietetic indications It is advisable to forestall the gastritis through the diet, eliminating at the own alimentation the foods responsible for such trouble: wine, liqueurs, caffé, spices, and so on. Even if the fats are tolerated, all the fries are eliminated.. Anche se i grassi sono tollerati, vanno eliminate tutte le fritture. The ulcer, today, is treated above all by the medicines, while in past a diet was practiced extremely rigorous and prolonged on the time. At present they are followed from the least rigid rules and generally valid as: to do not abundant but frequent meals; to avoid the foods that cause acidity or burning (coffee, alcohol, chocolate, fries, and so on); to avoid too hot or too cold foods; to eat slowly and with calm to have a correct report with the food. Doctor Fabiola Sanfilippo www.educazioneallasalute.net

Tags: Alimentation, also, anxiety, which, With, of, Diet, dietista, I Was, fabiola sanfilippo, to do, him, in, in, not, Today, For, pi, quell, those, they are, I am, stomach, between, one, You, life

Post correlated

• Obesity and psychologic factors: not alone Anorexia and Bulimia. (0)
(0)
• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• The alimentation in the child (0)
• The Diets in the Cycling (0)
• The perfect diet for the abdominal (0)

TipoAppunto: Sbobinatura
I argue: Pharmacology
Year: 2001
nomedocente: Teacher Di Carlo
I comment: Sbobinatura of a lesson on the medicines ansiolitici. It is quite schematic. E’ abbastanza schematica.
name: Manuela Racca
faculty: Turin

MEDICINES ANSIOLITICI

BENZODIAZEPINE

CICLOPIRROLONI

IMIDAZOPIRIDINE

BENZODIAZEPINE

THEY ARE HIM ANSIOLITICI OF GREATER USE UP TO THEIR INTRODUCTION IN THE MEDICAL PRACTICE AT THE END OF THE 50S HIM ANSIOLITICI DI MAGGIOR USO SIN DALLA LORO INTRODUZIONE NELLA PRATICA MEDICA ALLA FINE DEGLI ANNI 50
THEY POSSESS ALSO OTHER ATTIVITÀ:
- sedative
- hypnotic
- muscle relaxant
- anticonvulsivante
All the BDZ has these activities, but not the same kinetics, therefore the clinical use is different.

STRUCTURE

IT DERIVES FROM THE FUSION OF A RING BENZENICO WITH A RING 1,4-DIAZEPINICO
- sometimes, the nitrogen is in position 5 anzichè 4:
it are them 1,5-benzodiazepine (example: CLOBAZAM)
- in other cases a ring triazolico is melted by that diazepinico:
(example: TRIAZOLAM = Halcion)
- in others, a ring imidazolico is melted by that diazepinico:
(example: FLUMAZENIL = Anexate)
- in others, there is a ring imadazolico: MIDAZOLAM=Ipnovel

MECHANISM OF ACTION

The BDZ possesses recettori specific sited at the level of the complex plurimolecolare of the recettore GABAa, of which they are part also the canal of the chlorine and a site of connection for the barbiturates and some convulsivanti (Picrotossina).
The BDZ increases the affinity of the GABA for the recettori with consequent opening of the canal of the chlorine.
Different recettori sottotipi exist for the BDZs:
BDZ1-R are present in cerebellum, cortex and ippocampo
BDZ2-R in putamen and ipotalamo ventro-mediale

FARMACOCINETICA

There have been synthesised BDZ thousands, and, to the moment, they it are in commerce more than 50, with different indications, in all that is different the necessary time for the beginning of the desired action and the duration of her.
- LONG ACTING: Life mediates 24 hours Diazepam (Valium), Clobazam (Frisium), Flurazepam (Dalmadorm)
Clordesmetildiazepam (En), Clordiazepossido (Librium)
- you mediate and SHORT ACTING: 5-24 hours
Bromazepam (Lexotan), Lorazepam (Tavor), Oxazepam (Serpax)
Nitrazepam (Mogadon), Flunitrazepam (Roipnol)
- ULTRASHORT ACTING: Life mediates less than 5 hours
Triazolam (Halcion), Midazolam (Ipnovel)
Later somministrazione oral some BDZ is absorbed quickly: diazepam, alprazolam, flurazepam, triazolam, with peak plasmatico later about an hour
Other BDZ: lorazepam, oxazepam, and so on the majority is absorbed slowly, with peak plasmatico within 2 hours. The food presence in the stomach can delay the times. La presenza di cibo nello stomaco può ritardare i tempi.
A great interindividual variability exists also.
Elevated connection to the sieroproteine (over 70 %)
All the BDZ is caught quickly by the SNC and redistributed to the cloths (muscles, fat, liver) in report to the liposolubilità
Hepatic Metabolizzazione to work of different enzymatic systems microsomiali:
They form, in some cases, metaboliti it activates, that, in their turn, the majority is transformed slowly of the medicine given (for example: Flurazepam has emivita in 2-3 hours, but his active metabolita desalchilflurazepam has emivita in 50 hours)
Diazepam, clorazepato, prazepam changes in nordazepam (I activate) and in oxazepam I (activate) this
Other BDZ (triazolam, alprazolam, midazolam, and so on) is, instead, inactivate by means of glucuronazione.
NB: THE BDZ PASSES THE PLACENTA AND IN THE MILK!

INDICATIONS

- SHORT MIDDLE life: in the insomnia, to prevent at the awakening sedative effects from being still present
- LONG MIDDLE life: in the chronic anxious states
- INTERMEDIATE MIDDLE life: in both cases, above all in the insomnia with precocious awakening

NB: THE GREATEST PART OF THE BDZ REDUCE THE DURATION OF THE SLEEP REM!

COLLATERAL AND TOXIC EFFECTS

- wide therapeutic index
- depressing effects on the SNC: sedazione, amnesia, confusion
loss of memory, ataxy, slow reactions, and so on.
ALL EFFECTS DEPENDENT-DOSE
- effect paradox: stimulation of the SNC
- alcoholic drinks develop activity

TREATMENT OF THE ACUTE POISONING

Flumazenil i.v. causes ready awakening and has also
diagnostic meaning (ex-adiuvantibus)

CHRONIC POISONING

The BDZ causes dependence and tolerance.
The tolerance is in part metabolic (hepatic induction) and in part tied to adaptations of the specific recettori in the SNC
IN the ANIMAL THE TOLERANCE TO SEDATIVE EFFECTS: after 2-3 days
TOLERANCE TO EFFECTS ANTICONVULSIVANTI appears after 4 days of treatment, while TOLERANCE TO EFFECTS ANSIOLITICI: 2-3 settim.
In the man the tolerance to the effects ansiolitici, generally, does not appear and it is not necessary to increase the dose.

DEPENDENCE

The interruption of the somministrazione of a BDZ induces the appearance of a syndrome with abstinence
It appears after 2-10 days and can develop also after only a few days of treatment with hypnotic BDZ or after 4-6 weeks with BDZ ansiolitiche: INSOMNIA, ANXIETY, IRRITABILITÀ, TREMORS, RAVES, CONVULSIONS, TACHICARDIA, SUDORAZIONE.
Treatment: to retake the somministrazione of the BDZ and to hang it then slowly

CICLOPIRROLONI

HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURE, HE IS FARMCACI OF RECENT INTRODUCTION IN CLINICAL LIKE HYPNOTIC (zoplicone) or ANSIOLITICI (suriclone).

A BDZ becomes attached to a site on the complex recettoriale connected allostericamente to the recognition site for the benzodiazepine
ZOPLICONE (Imovane) is active to doses of 7,5 mg also for chronic treatment
SURICLONE is an ansiolitico almost devoid of sedative activity and, therefore, valid alternative to the BDZ, compared to which it has slower beginning, but longer duration.

ZOPLICONE: kinetics
Quickly absorbed by oral road
Peak plasmatico within 0,5-1,5 hours
Biodisponibilità 85 % (first-pass effect not significant)
It penetrates quickly in the cloths, included that cerebral
Extended metabolizzazione liverwort
Only 4-5 % is eliminated immodificato with urine
Medicines that modify the gastric motility (metoclopramide
or atropinici) they can change the concentrations it plasmatiche

IMIDAZOPIRIDINE

They interact with the recettori of the BDZ.
(Stilnox) ZOLPIDEM and ALPIDEM are the principal compound ones of this group
Zolpidem possesses evident, but not muscle relaxant sedative activity, to the dose of 10 mg.
Activities ansiolitica and anticonvulsivante modest. This because of a scarce affinity for the recettori omega 2 and raised for him omega 1. him omega 1.

Short Emivita: 2-4 hours not metaboliti it activates
Residual not effects the day later, not even dependence
Attention to old subjects and to elevated doses.

COMPOSED THAT NO THEY BEHAVE NO AGISCONO
ON THE RECETTORI BDZ

ATHLETES OF THE RECETTORI 5-HT1A:
- Buspirone, Gepirone and Ipsapirone
They inhibit broadcasting serotoninergica and do not influence GABA
They are devoid of sedative effects, anticonvulsivanti and muscle relaxant.
They are ansiolitici selective.
They have a long action latency (2 weeks)
BUSPIRONE (Buspar) 5 mg, is absorbed quickly for os, it has a binding of 95 % with the sieroproteine; the hepatic metabolism leads to composed partially it activates.
Dizziness, cefalea, irritation is principal collateral effects
http://www.futurimedici.com /

Tags: also, ring, years, anxiety, that, With, of, later, I Was, him, the time, bed, doctors, my, my, in, in, no, operates, Prays, For, pi, quell, this, alone, they are, I am, stomach, type, between, all, one, You, life

Post correlated

• Obesity: scientific view (0)
• PSYCHOANALYSIS OF THE DEPRESSION (0)
• Flat stomach in suns 3 days with the Detoxicated Diet! (0)
• OkkiO on the too easy diets (0)
• Obesity and psychologic factors: not alone Anorexia and Bulimia. (0)
(0)